It enables children to apply their mathematical knowledge in daily situations. The arithmetic program is carried out in a methodical sequence, enabling children to understand abstract numeric concepts with the help of scientifically developed materials. In kindergarten, children start to develop an understanding of addition and subtraction within 10. Kindergartners start by solving problems involving physical objects, and as the year goes on, students learn to draw pictures to represent addition and subtraction problems.
The Montessori environment supports basic practical life activities, such as walking in an orderly manner, carrying objects like trays and chowkis, greeting a visitor and learning self-care skills. For example, button fastening frames are designed to perfect the motor skills involved in buttoning, zipping, lacing, buckling, tying ,how to set the table, how to clean dishes, or how to water and care for plants. The philosophy for such activities is to make children independent and develop concentration. The practical life activities teach children how to take care of the space around them—from physically cleaning to, on a deeper level, appreciating one's environment.
Children are exposed to language activities the day they enter the House of children. Children learn that the spoken language consists of sounds which are represented in the form of letters of the alphabet. The language program uses phonetics and is conducted in a sequence. Montessori observed that children have a thirst for language and communication. Communication allows the child to express her needs and ideas to others. Through language we are able to cooperate, collaborate, receive knowledge and pass knowledge to others. Children go through a series of stages to acquire language.